The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases has increased in recent years. In parallel, changes in dietary habits, which promote high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods, have led to an obesity epidemic over the past years . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 35% of the world population is estimated to have overweight (Body Mass Index [BMI], 25–30 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) . Therefore, it is reasonable to think about a possible correlation among these realities. In fact, obesity is considered a chronic state of low-grade inflammation that has been implicated as a proactive factor in several chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorders.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which is mainly characterized by selective and coordinated inflammatory destruction of myelin, with damage to the axon. It is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease caused by an interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. MS mainly affects young people with onset usually at the age of 20–50 years and a mean age-of-onset of 30 years, although the disease may also develop in childhood and after the age of 60 years . Childhood and adolescence are thought to be a critical period of susceptibility to promoting factors.