Bioprospecting is defined as a systematic and organized search for useful products derived from bioresources including plants, microorganisms, animals, etc., that can be developed further for commercialization and overall benefits of the society. The bioprospecting and conservation of the African Piper genus is almost nonexistent. Available reports from Asian and South American countries indicate institutional and governmental involvement in prospecting and conservation program of various species found in those areas (De Britto and Mahesh, 2007; Landon, 2007). Cultivation and trade in Black Pepper (P. nigrum) has developed to international scale in South and Central America, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and other South Eastern Asian countries. Okafor (1990) has emphasized the imperative of efficient, economical, standardized nursery procedures, and knowledge of reliable practices for accelerated seed improvement for a large-scale production of food trees and shrubs for a conservation program or for commercial scale in Nigeria. In some West African countries, such as Nigeria and Cameroon, P. guineense and P. capense are still largely obtained from the forests which are being threatened by indiscriminate destruction of the forest reserves due to increase in land usage for diverse purposes. It is therefore suggested that a renewed attention be focused on the cultivation and preservation of the common species found in each country as this will protect these species from going into extinction and will afford the rural populace of economic benefits.